The evolution of computers and technology

solar energy 

Solar energy is booming You can see evidence on rooftops and in the desert. where solar plants are popping up on a scale of efficiency. but if there's a hint of the recent past. solar energy is going to help guide the transition to a carbon-free future and it could work faster than we all expected.

solar energy

  Elon Musk and Tesla guaranteed sun-powered rooftop tiles in 2016. however, the business may not require a redesign as it has developed. significantly with the solar panels currently available.

 You can see this evidence of individual roofs and solar plants. on the scale of utility increasingly popping up in desert areas across the country. In the United States, about 30% of the new electricity added to the grid in 2018 was solar energy.

 Solar power (and solar) is available intermittently. and the price of a lithium-ion battery, one of the most popular storage solutions, is still relatively high.

 These are real issues that the industry needs to address if solar energy is to reach its potential. However, if there is any indication of the recent past, solar energy is going to help guide the transition to a carbon-free future. and it could work faster than we all expected.

Even Greenpeace underestimated the rise of the sun. When one of the world's largest environmental advocacy groups was released. optimistic industry analysis in 2010 called the Energy Revolution. it was far more ambitious than the government had predicted.

solar energy

 And yet it went wrong. Greenpeace estimates that by 2020, 335,000 megawatts of solar photovoltaic capacity will be installed in the world. That's enough to power about 64 million American homes and increase them by more than 700% compared to 2010. But by the end of 2018, more than 480,000 megawatts have already been installed globally, enough to power about 91 million homes.

Elon Musk promised to give the world Tesla solar roof tiles in 2016. something such a company has yet to fully deliver. But it turns out that the solar industry may not need an upgrade. Although the aesthetics of solar tiles. which do not usually look different from roofing materials, the industry is booming thanks to simple old solar panels.

You can see evidence of this on people's roofs and in the desert. where solar plants are rapidly popping up on a scale of efficiency. Here in the United States, about 30 percent of all new grid capacity in the grid in 2018 was solar energy.

 In the United States, solar energy has gone beyond such farming and extremely expensive technology. and when it comes to the new generation. it is now mainstream. And states like California are moving forward with bold solar goals incentives. and regulations.

 Every new home built in California after the New Year must produce as much energy as it consumes. So maybe by making homes more efficient and installing solar. But the picture is not all pink. Solar energy is intermittent.

 The sun doesn't always shine. and the cost of storage solutions such as lithium-ion batteries is still relatively high. Solar installation can be a huge cost and allowing the whole process can be slow. These are real issues that the industry needs to address if solar energy is to reach its potential.

solar energy

But if there is any hint of the recent past, solar energy is going to help lead the transition to a carbon-free future. And it can work faster than we all expect. In 2018, solar energy accounted for about 2.2% of electricity generation here in the United States.

That number may seem small. but it's been an impressive leap since 2008 when solar energy accounted for only 0.1% of our electricity. After utilities all over the country and in utilities. this is the idea that you can build a coal plant. Okay fine. No one is really doing that today.

 The increase in solar installations has been attributed to a drastic reduction in the price of photovoltaics, a technology that empowers solar panels to be used on a residential and utility-scale. Costs have fallen sharply since the 1970s.

 At that time, solar energy on earth was about five dollars a watt. So 50 cents or more per kilowatt-hour. And nowadays Solar Down is one of the best commercial applications, at one to two cents. So 50 reduction factor.

 And on roof systems, if you finance it and you're in a good position, your effective cost can be less than 10 cents. Getting solar now costs a lot. According to the online solar financing marketplace, Energy Sage, the average roof panel system in The United States costs about 12,500 after a tax credit in 2019.

 But after seven to eight years of low electricity bills, consumers usually break down and start seeing significant savings. And to offset the apparent cost, consumers can often opt for solar loans or opt for panel leases instead.

 Overall, the massive reduction in prices for photovoltaics is due to China's massive subsidized solar energy manufacturing program, which disrupted solar panels worldwide in the late 2000s.

 Prices have fallen and solar companies around the world have had to find ways to reduce travel costs. Many companies are gone, but largely innovative and have survived the fact that in many parts of the country today, solar energy alone can compete with the economy.

So solar basically went from the most expensive form to the cheapest form. It may be cheap, but it's not perfect. Solar panels produce no power at night and are less efficient in cloudy or suspicious environments. And while the cost of photovoltaic panels has dropped, the cost of energy storage options such as lithium-ion batteries is still quite high.

 The latest Tesla Powerwall, for example, is one of the few small-scale batteries for storing residential energy, priced at ، 7,600, excluding thousands of dollars in installation costs.

So when panels often generate more electricity than they need during the day, there is not always an effective way to save that energy later, and so customers often rely on non-renewable energy sources at night.

 Energy storage is like the last puzzle piece to make solar and wind, any intermittent source, a reality for 100% of our electricity needs. In addition, permitting a solar roof requires time and money. And depending on where you live, installing solar on either a residential or commercial scale can be very costly, especially if your state or bank does not offer solar-friendly financing options.

solar energy

 Solar installations require that they are allowed. Whether you can do it all remotely or whether you need a building inspector to come to your home, it all adds up to a cost, increases the time, involves delays, which is the right thing to do in a solar environment. If I don't, it all makes for an effective price, and deploying it in large quantities by the resident is a real challenge.

 You will almost never see the sun on apartments or office buildings because landlords do not have the financial incentives to install only for tenants who pay their electricity bills.

 As far as single-family homes are concerned, about 22% have access to solar energy. And while this represents a significant improvement, in reality, it does mean that the resident solar is a relatively rare sight.

But experts say it won't last long. In California, we have a mandate to have one million solar panels by the end of 2020. We have already achieved this goal, we are now on more than a million roofs and are still growing.

 Even if you haven't noticed an increase in solar panels, visit the deserts or plains of California, North Carolina, or Arizona, and you'll see that a large portion of the new solar capacity is generating hundreds of megawatts. The utility-scale comes from plants. The electricity that feeds into the grid.

 One such plant is the California Flats Solar Project, a 280-megawatt solar farm developed by First Solar and located in Monterey County, California. The California Flats plan is approximately 2,200 acres. That's the equivalent of carbon, which can take about 22,000 cars off the road and power 116,000 homes in California.

In 2018, such utility-scale projects have generated a total of 66.6 million megawatt-hours of energy in the United States, enough to power approximately 6.4 million homes a year, and the country's total solar energy. Represents 69% of production.

Large-scale solar projects can be anything from a 200-kilowatt system that you can see on the edge of a trailer park or a 400-megawatt project in the desert. However, the plants on the scale of nail flats are increasingly able to work on the scale of utility. The volume costs are proving to be the highest.

 When your volume reaches 200 megawatts, you are able to take advantage of large-scale economies so that you can provide truly cost-effective solar energy. But when you start to go on a massive scale, it is sometimes difficult to find the right terrain to find the right transmission capacity.

 So I think you'll probably see a large number of mid-size utility-scale installations that are more strategically located close to the load where electricity is being used. The rise of medium-sized installations is also driven by the growing corporate commitment to renewable energy.

In 2018, corporations doubled the amount of clean energy purchased in 2017. In 2018, Facebook alone signed contracts for approximately 2.4 gigawatts of renewable energy, more solar energy than the entire residential solar market in the United States.

 This type of corporate purchase is ultimately necessary for a carbon-free future. About two-thirds of electricity is used by businesses. So even if all the houses are renewable, if all the houses are renewable, you will still find only one-third of the way there.

 Nail Flats has a corporate partnership with Apple, which conveniently buys 130 megawatts of energy to power California's own operations. The other 150 megawatts are sold to PG&E, which combines this solar energy with its other energy resources.

 Consumers get this blending power by default, but they can opt for a program that maximizes their power from solar or other renewable energy sources. Many people live in cities or do not have access to rooftops where they can install solar systems.

So it is important that we have utility-scale projects to really help create a lot of opportunities for different types of consumers to be able to access solar energy. However, these utility-scale plants cannot achieve their full potential without energy storage.

To compete with the reliability of fossil fuels, solar farms need to generate the energy they need, not just when the sun is shining. When I have removed the systems in the desert and the cloud is overhead, we need a shock absorber in the system in the form of batteries to help cover the power that is missing from the moment. This can be for a minute. This can take up to four hours.

Traditionally, storage has come in the form of lithium-ion batteries. And fortunately, the cost of this tech is declining along with the cost of solar panels. The average cost of lithium-ion batteries fell 85 percent from 2010 to 2018, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

Now, the average lithium-ion battery costs 17 176 per kilowatt. So you can easily draw lines in every part of the country, in every part of the world, so to speak, is the Solar Plus storage system cost-competitive today compared to this natural gas alternative? You can quickly draw the line and see where they are going for each geography.

In some places, the BB says, Solar Plus storage has already run out. Today, in places like Hawaii and California, solar plus storage costs much more than a natural gas contract. In other words, they're winning developers' bids, solar plus storage versus natural gas.

 Solar energy with storage is often more economical than a power plant known as a speaker, which runs occasionally, firing only when demand is high.

 In April 2019, utility companies Southern California Edison selected a 100-megawatt solar power plant over a natural gas peak plant in the coastal city of Oxnard. If regulators approve the plans, it will be tied to Tesla, the world's largest lithium-ion battery, by 2020 when it goes online.

 But unfortunately, lithium ions cannot be so cheap. Many experts predict that the cost will reach about 70 to 100 dollars per kilowatt-hour.

 At this price, batteries will continue to be an economical option for replacing peak plants and smoothing the hours-long gap in solar power generation capacity. But they will not be a good option to store energy for weeks or months, as it will lead to a huge increase in electricity costs for consumers.

 Some people think that lithium-ion is final, and there is a lot of research to be done to improve lithium-ion. There are others, and I count myself in another camp, where I say that the lithium-ion has done remarkable work for technology.

But let's move on to something better. So researchers like Save are looking for new horizons. Now we are looking at flu batteries, which are liquid batteries. We are looking at high temperatures, nickel-metal hydride batteries.

 And we're seeing other forms of storage that don't even increase the use of chemical or battery-based storage. For example, Bill Gates' investor-funded Breakthrough Energy Ventures is supporting the development of long-lasting liquid batteries, one-fifth of the value of lithium-ion.

 And researchers at Cindia National Labs are experimenting with molten salt thermal energy storage. This battery-based system uses solid sunlight to heat the molten salt, which is then stored in tanks for several days and then converted into steam, which turns the turbine into electricity. ۔

 So power generation is just like a coal-fired power plant. Instead of burning coal, we are using concentrated sunlight as a source of heat. For residential solar, the grid itself often acts as a battery.

 This is because most states have net metering policies. that allows consumers to sell their surplus energy back into the grid in exchange for an energy credit. which they can use when they are not in the sun.

 Can be used to empower. But whether storage comes in the form of cheaper lithium-ion or modern experimental technologies. Kamin says government policies and incentives will need to be adopted in the same way as they did for solar panels themselves.

Right now, California utilities are operating under the name of Storage Mandate. They need to stockpile enough on the board by 2020 to meet 2% of their high demand. And we are currently in talks with the state Public Utilities Commission to increase that number.

 When we achieve 20 percent of our peak demand for storage. we will be able to run a single renewable system as solar and wind geothermal. and biomass combines with storage to take our path. It Will be enough for Some of them are probably long lollipops.

 In the meantime, expect to see an increase in solar installations. as prices fall and concessions and regulations encourage growth. What we do know is that after utilities. utilities run on wind and solar energy instead of sourcing coal and natural gas. 

Five years from now, it would be a little strange to see new homes without solar roofs. It will only become part of the landscape. At the end of the day, this is an ignorant march towards the transition to a zero-carbon economy.

The evolution of computers and technology

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