Middle East history timeline
From the Mediterranean to the Arabian
Sea, as the Middle East is the center of world politics today, if look at history,
this region has been the center of civilization and politics of Asia, Africa, and Europe for more than three thousand years.
The ancient civilizations of the world were
born here. Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations, Greek civilizations, which archaeologists
call Eurasian civilizations, grew up near these areas.
The world's three major religions, Judaism,
Christianity and Islam were born here. The two great civilizations of human
history that still exist today in their ancient form belong to the Middle East,
namely the Arabic and Persian civilizations. The Middle East is the most
interesting subject of history and tourism.
The eastern part of the Roman Empire was in fact the Middle East. In European civilization, the Roman Empire is said to be the greatest power in the world. Istanbul, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was its heart, an ancient city in Europe and the Middle East.
After the advent of Islam, the Arabs converted
to Islam instead of the Persian and Roman-Byzantine civilizations and
established their supremacy in cultural development in the East. The Arab-Ajam
conflict is a thousand of years old conflict in the Middle East, which existed
in its new form before, after, and after Islam. The influence of Arab
civilization on the Middle East deepened after the advent of Islam.
Arab civilization and language and
culture made the Middle East completely Arab. Its effects spread throughout the
Arabian Peninsula and from Gibraltar to Europe.
Muslim civilization in Spain was another addition to this Arab
civilization. Muslim Spain left an indelible mark on world history and
civilization. Over time, the Muslim era from Spain ended, but Muslim Spain left
an indelible mark on human history.
The effects of the Arab-Islamic era on Muslim Spain are due to the whole
of today's West. Muslim Spain revived the world by translating all the buried
Greek sciences. Muslim Spain fell, but it made a spectacular addition to human
history.
Muslim Spain is the gateway to the
development of Europe and the West, which has revived Greek, Hindi, and world
sciences through translation. And giving people the freedom to think. In Jewish
history, Jews ceded Muslim Spain. Muslim Spain allowed Jews to flourish in
terms of knowledge, thought, and research.
Muslim Spain played an important role in the social sciences. The
separation from church politics in Europe is due to the intellectuals of Muslim
Spain changed Europe and the West, that is, the separation from the
politics of Christianity. This intellectual movement entered Italy from Spain.
The church and the clergy were separated from politics. Then the movement
spread. The French Revolution and later the development of science and the
Industrial Revolution in Europe is due to this social and intellectual
movement. The Middle East, connected to Europe, has been having visible and
hidden effects on it for thousands of years.
If one reads the history of the rise and
fall of civilizations, one is amazed that if a region disappears from a region,
a new one will come in its place. When the Byzantine Empire, the center of
European civilization and power, whose heart was Constantinople (Istanbul), was
overthrown, it was replaced by the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia.
These Seljuk Turks came from Central
Asia to the Middle East as gypsies and shepherds. First, they became soldiers of
the Arabs, then they established the Turkish provinces, and then they succeeded
in establishing the largest empire in the world. The Ottoman Empire spread to
three continents, Asia, Africa, and Europe, and replaced the Byzantine Empire.
Interestingly, Turkish civilization originated not only in the Middle East,
which for centuries was divided into Arab and Persian and established the
world's largest empire.
For nearly four centuries, the Ottoman
Empire ruled a Turkish civilization, Arab, African, Asian, and some European
regions. However, it did not succeed in establishing power over the Iranian or
Persian territories.
The scientific and industrial age in
Europe ushered in a new era of Western civilization. Through colonialism, the
European powers succeeded in establishing their dominance over the world. Asia,
Africa, America, Australia, and Latin America.
At the same time, Western civilization
began to dominate the world with science and technology. Today's world is under
the influence of the West which has technology. The power of technology has
given them opportunities for economic, military, and military supremacy. The
United States, Latin America, and Australia are satellites of European
civilization. Today's world is the world of the West. This Western world gave
birth to capitalism which gave birth to colonies and later to global capitalism
and then to superpowers.
Western civilization, which was in the
grip of capitalism and global hegemony, suffered a major blow when, in 1917, a
mixed Asian-European civilization led by Lenin, Russia launched the Bolshevik
Revolution to challenge Western notions of capitalism and superpowers. started.
It was a wake-up call for global capitalists.
A
workers' government was formed. Capitalism was challenged in Europe and the
West. Russia, which for centuries had a political and military conflict with
Europe emerged as a communist and with a new philosophy of economy and
governance. Communist Russia, Communist Russia, challenged global capitalism
and capitalist civilization and rule and challenged the global supremacy of
European civilization and the United States, the champion of power. Confronting
the world power born of capitalism, the state built on the philosophy of the
workers challenged the global supremacy of world imperialism.
Later, under the same philosophy, Communist
China emerged under the leadership of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and thus the
world was divided into two parts. The capitalist world of the world, its
allies, and dependent territories, and the ruling and socialist world. This is
where the Cold War began. The Cold War under the leadership of the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China undermined the agenda of global
capitalism and global imperialism.
The Middle East consists of three major
languages: Arabic, Persian and Turkish. In addition to the Arabs, Iran and
Turkey is among the most important countries in the Middle East. But Israel
suffered a kind of military defeat, which was acknowledged by the Israeli
Ministry of Defense. Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice used the term
for the first time since Israel's defeat in 2006.
If we look at the Middle East scene since the 1990s, we see the new Middle East that looks to the future. According to
research, the game is being played under a US plan to divide the Middle East into
two bases. States and nations should be divided into sects and terrorism should
be allowed to flourish as a permanent weapon in the Middle East. ۔
The justification and opportunities for
civil war must continue. Syria, Iraq, and Libya are a glimpse of the Middle
East.
Throwing two non-Arab Middle Eastern powers,
Iran and Turkey, into it is part of that strategy. The Middle East is as weak today
as it was in the last century. There will be a piece of the Middle East, a
battlefield, a center of strife and war, and ethnic mixing in the name of
Kurdish rights so that such a Middle East plan can achieve ultimate success and
overthrow the Turkish state.
But the anti-imperialist role of Russia and
China is very important in this scenario. Because the target of the US
imperialist agenda is China and Russia and both are united against it.
Especially the role of the Russian Federation. Therefore, if vandalism, civil
war and religious terrorism spread, the next target is not Europe but Russia
and it's allied Caucasian and Central Asian states.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has
repeatedly said that Russia is a target of terrorism in the region. Therefore,
we see that while Russia has repeatedly vetoed the Security Council in the
Syrian conflict and civil war, it has also been a regular ally of Bashar
al-Assad in Damascus and terrorists created by the United States and its allies
in Syria. Join the fight against and against them.
From the veto in the Security Council to
the resolution of the dispute, the People's Republic of China is its ally on
Russia's Middle East policy. The Middle East has been the center of different
eras and civilizations for three thousand years, as it is in today's world
politics. For the first time since the Cold War in the now-divided Middle East,
Russia has directly rejected US policies that have affected the West's Middle
East plan.
But we must remember one thing. Change
always comes from within a society, a civilization, and a nation. Movements that
can awaken the Arab regions and the entire Middle East against the imperialist
agenda cannot be ruled out.
Iran's recent role in regional and global politics
Middle East Conflict History
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