Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

 

Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

Gandhara art is a cultural collaboration between classical Greek culture and Buddhism, developed in Central Asia over a period of about a thousand years. This period included the period from Alexander the Great (4th century BC) to Islamic conquests (7th century AD). The various impressions, sculptures, paintings, and art of impressions that came into existence were called Gandhara art. Gandhara is not only the name of art but it is a mirror of a vast area and a complete civilization.

 

Gandhara art flourished here from the first century AD to the seventh century AD. Gandhara art is actually the essence of Greek, Saka, Parthian, and Kishan civilizations. The center of Gandhara art was Taxila, but its roots extend to Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, Afghanistan and even Central Asia. Gandhara art in Swat is rich in various Buddha statues, maps, and sculptures. Evidence of this is also found in the border areas of China. There is a 2,000-year-old Mankiala Stupa in Punjab province. According to maps published in WF Cerro's book "Worship of Gandhara Places", the stupa at Mankiala was the last frontier of the Gandhara civilization stretched as far as Afghanistan and Russia.

 

Gandhara art is a cultural collaboration between classical Greek culture and Buddhism, developed in Central Asia over a period of about a thousand years. This period included the period from Alexander the Great (4th century BC) to Islamic conquests (7th century AD). The various impressions, sculptures, paintings, and art of impressions that came into existence were called Gandhara art. Gandhara is not only the name of art but it is a mirror of a vast area and a complete civilization.

 

Gandhara art flourished here from the first century AD to the seventh century AD. Gandhara art is actually the essence of Greek, Saka, Parthian, and Kishan civilizations. The center of Gandhara art was Taxila, but its roots extend to Peshawar, Mardan, Swat, Afghanistan, and even Central Asia. Gandhara art in Swat is rich in various Buddha statues, maps, and sculptures. Evidence of this is also found in the border areas of China. There is a 2,000-year-old Manila Stupa in Punjab province. According to maps published in WF Cerro's book "Worship of Gandhara Places", the stupa at Mankiala was the last frontier of the Gandhara civilization that stretched as far as Afghanistan and Russia.

Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

 

Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

 

During the royal days of the Gupta dynasty, new schools of stone carving emerged. The feature of the statues of Mathura is that Gautama Buddha was first introduced here in human form (sculpture), which has been famous for a long time. The Gandhara school made the greatest progress in this art, so the effects of Gandhara art is found in most parts of the subcontinent. Samples are also found in northern Pakistan and parts of Afghanistan. Taxila is the most prominent in this regard.

 

All of these patterns are based on the life of Gautama Buddha or Buddhist traditions. The most admirable examples of Gandhara art are found in Gautama Buddha or Buddhist sculptures. Gandhara art cushion was developed under the patronage of the rulers. That is why when this art reached not only China and Japan but also the Far East, we can clearly see the effects of Gandhara art on the civilization of these regions. A statue in the Dharmajika Stupa of Taxila was about forty feet high.

 

Stupa

 

After the death of Gautama Buddha, the practice of pilgrimage became common in Buddhism. The tradition became famous that Gautama Buddha had instructed to go to four places. There is a Lumbini Garden, where Wednesday was born. The other was a tree near Gaya, under which he had acquired knowledge. The third was the Deer Garden in Banaras, where he taught religion for the first time. Fourth Kashi Nagar, where he died. Buddhism flourished in the time of Ashoka, who built stops at eight places in his kingdom. Each stupa contained a few signs of Gautama Buddha, the largest being Taxila Dharma Rajika.

 

Buddhist monks were appointed to look after the royal stupas. Viharas (temples) were built for them to live in and the surrounding land was dedicated for this purpose. Gautama Buddha's ashes were preserved in eight stupas. Ashoka removed the relics and sent them to all the major cities and provinces of the kingdom and ordered that a magnificent stupa be built and buried there. Thus the dust was stored in 84,000 stupas, hence the name of the stupa. These stupas were rock books about the life of Buddha. The dome of the stupa always had seven breasts, representing the seven heavens.

 

Organized urban civilization

 

From Swabi, Mardan Road, a road leads to Asota Sharif and Shivkali, from where a road leads to Nogram villages. Located in the mountains adjacent to the program, Rani Gut is one of the largest Buddhist civilizations in the world. The ruins are located on a high mountain, which was reached with the help of Japan, UNESCO, and the government of Pakistan. The ruins of Rani Gut are spread over an area of ​​168 kanals and reach a distance of 3540 feet. It is 900 feet above the ground. A series of large black rocks stretches far and wide.

Gandhara Civilization, Art and Architecture

 

There was a stone carving in the southern part of Rani Gut. The camels brought stones for the statues. A room was also made by digging a mountain where a carpenter would sit. Followers of Gautama Buddha studied here and went to different parts of the world to study their religion. A plaque at the entrance to the ruins gives a brief history of the Queen's Gut. There are countless small stupas with large stupas on Wednesday in the South Cyclist Building Area. To the east are small rooms without a roof. Seating areas were built along the walls to accommodate students. These rooms were built together. The art of painting presents about seven philosophies of heaven and earth.

 

Inside the barbed wire, broken statues, and other specimens from the Queen's Gut are preserved. It will cost about ten thousand rupees to clean the statue. In ancient times, people were unfamiliar with paper and ink, so the teachings of Gautama Buddha was carried far and wide in the form of carved stones. Civilization is buried in most parts of Rani Gut. The broken ruins were rebuilt in different periods. There are some stone steps in the carved part. In front is an open courtyard, where Buddhists benefited from religious teachings. To the west is a small underground room, in which the treasure was kept. There is also a guard room, where the staff was assigned to guard the treasury.

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