The history of Afghanistan
The history of Afghanistan
The Afghan nation of 37 million people is one of the
fastest-growing populations on the planet, and Canada will soon become more
popular than Poland, which borders Iran and Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan, China, and Pakistan.
Although the
world's mountainous country, it is also home to a vast network of rivers and
fertile valleys that emerge from the massive melting of ice from the Hindu Kush and
other mountain ranges that have surrounded the country for more than 4,000
years. Farmers in the area have begun touring.
Other northern states, known as the Bacteria, were
culturally connected to the central people, while in the southeast they were
heavily influenced by the Indus Valley Civilization, possibly some cities to
the south. Archaeological work was done by the colonies.
Afghanistan's ancient past will remain largely
mysterious, although the current capital of Afghanistan has been inhabited
continuously for more than 3,500 years and has its original origins and was built in the 7th century BC at unknown times.
Under his rule, which lasted for less than a century,
they were overthrown by closely related Persians who divided the empire into
the Streepzier provinces, and at that time the language, culture, and religion
of the great Persians prevailed. Which was now in Afghanistan with acceptable
Buddhist and Greek minorities.
Alexander, who had
resettled from his western provinces in previous centuries, faced some fierce
resistance against his conquests in Bactria, which is probably why he married a Bactrian princess who also had a son whose name was Alexander who politely
protected the pledge of allegiance. Most people have access to bacteria and
India.
Strategically important, Caber Pass Alexander also
established several Greek colonies in the region, which later became important
political, commercial, and military centers. ۔
The area was first lost in 300 BC to the Indian Mauryan
Empire of Chandra Gupta, which was at peace after the war between the two
states. They were widely used in their wars in the West.
After the Greek cities of Bactria, the Seleucid rule
established a healthy kingdom that controlled most of the land trade between
China and India, and endured a major Seleucid invasion, and ended the
nearly three-year siege of their capital. Be successful With the prospect of
peace in the next two decades, this enlightened empire was greatly weakened by
the rise of each other in the southeast of their former extinct Darshan
parties.
Most of the army
was in India, which expanded the Greco-Bactrian region. The king was deposed by
an invader who divided the kingdom into two kingdoms. After the Greeks, there
was a unique fusion of Greek, Indian, and other Central Asian cultures.
The Parthians suffered heavy military defeats and were
overwhelmed by successful waves of gypsy invaders. And on a large scale, it
does somewhat stop the gypsy waves after overtime for the locals. Then the
Parthians conquered most of them until the Indus River Partid Arsad family was
far from their rule and as long as taxes were paid and supplies were provided
to the army when needed.
And as he focused
on stopping the rapid Roman expansion in Mesopotamia, the Parthen Noble family.
Defeated the Scythians and took control of those expelled
from the kingdom who established their own kingdom, commonly called the
Indo-Parthian kingdom, although they were more successful in paying taxes.
And their king
claimed to be equal to the great Parthian king. The two kingdoms seem to be
deeply involved in each other's politics. Then it spread deep into Central
Asia.
And in the Indian
subcontinent, the Kushans worshiped Greek and Hindu deities, but gradually
Buddhism became more common and was widely promoted within the empire. Han
traveled to China without Buddhist merchants and missionaries, many of whom
believed that we were the first to introduce Buddhism to China.
Kishnampire was a crossroads of world-made goods. From
afar, Eschen Rome and Oximet were common places in the great city of Ethiopia.
With the establishment of the ancient empire of Alexander the Great, Alexander
campaigned for the conquest of the North Sea and conquered the empire of
Western Conflict.
King of a very small region and gradually his military
and administrative power was taken away during the period between the nomadic
Cathars of the Sassanid Declaration and then daylight occupied the eastern part
of the empire and largely influenced the local culture. Adopted
The first recorded examples of Trump Afghans during the
Sassanid regime were those who lived in the mountainous areas of the kingdom's
eastern provinces and were probably derived from the Pashtun group, the
region's largest non-Arab caliph. Buddhism and Persian Zoroastrianism were the
dominant religions in the country, while whenever there was a large Arab army,
the locals revolted and restored their rule in eastern Kabul.
India was ruled by Buddhists and Hindus, trade was
controlled by an independent rich city-state through Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The emperors promoted by Salmond Pierre were eliminated,
whose rulers claimed descent from the Sassanid Persians, and promoted Persian
culture and Islam throughout the empire. He made the mistake of using the
soldiers of Turkish life. In time, they overthrew them and established the
Ghaznavid dynasty, which continued Ghaznavid policies in eastern Afghanistan.
And Persian
culture, especially among the nomadic Turks who settled in the Ghaznavids, was
weakened by the conflict with the Seljuk Turkish Empire, which allowed Hero
Whether to become the original Gerrod family, who recently accepted Islam. I
had changed.
They were probably
of Pashtun descent. During the reign of Sultan Gaital Din Muhammad, Guru
Sultani easily rose from the Iranian plateau of Tobangal to become the most
powerful power in the world. The two Turkish empires were originally defeated
by Genghis Khan's Mongol emperor 15 years after his conquest, which destroyed
most of the city's population who did not surrender immediately. Was
distributed.
Khan as the name
suggests coincidentally he was ill and the plague destroyed the Mongol royal
family and army and as Aamir Khan divided it into several small giants the
princes of Tajik Wasil established a large state ۔
These small
empires were conquered by the Turkish Mongol general Timmerlin, who slaughtered
and destroyed even more near the east, as the Mongols used many generations
before Afghanistan, such as Afghanistan as their operation. And his descendants
moved the capital from Samarkand. And the region and the civil war ended with
prosperity and civil war.
Defeated by the Uzbeks in the north, the Safavid Persians
in the west, and the emerging Mughal Empire in the southeast, which will
advance to conquer the most demanding race from Timur and Genghis Khan during
the 17th century.
Successfully revolted and established a short-lived empire that conquered large parts of Iranian territory and overthrew a secure
empire at the hands of Nasser Shah's soldiers. He was the one who won here and
conquered Afghanistan.
In short, when he was assassinated at the age of 48, one
of his cavalry commanders, Syed Shah Durrani, was a Pashtun and returned to his
homeland, where he was chosen as the leader by a Pakhtun tribal confederation.
He used his military experience to conquer these cities. Used to get.
Join his cause in Afghanistan and during his 25-year
rule, he successfully campaigned three times against the Marathas and Mughals
in India and invaded their capital, Delhi, in 1757, annexing the Sultanate of
Tehran to the modern state of Afghanistan. Established as Durrani is believed
to have been defeated by the Sikhs after the fall of the empire and expelled
from the Indian subcontinent.
However, the biggest factor affecting their decline may
be economic, as strained diplomatic relations have cut off trade with China,
and traffic on the ancient land trade routes connecting India, Iran, and Central
Asia has not been seen. Coming Used to come and go
Russian Central Asia and the British East India Company
dominated maritime trade, making Afghanistan an isolated state for more than
2,000 years, but even more united, with the majority of the country having the
same religions and Islam. Adheres to the concept of
Beyond Afghan
Identity Tribal or Ethnic Differences, Dost Mohammad Khan overthrew Tehrani,
who had established the British Emirate, which had gained so much control over
India, and whose income was feared that the Tharsis would take over Afghanistan
from India. Used as a staging ground for capture. Instead, they attacked and
restored the ousted Iranian king.
The throne that was disliked after facing minimal
resistance to the conquest and occupation of the country, the British withdrew
most of their troops back to India while the rest of the British were occupying
forces were ambushed and killed. He tried to back away from the country that
shocked Britain and the Western world.
After that Dost Muhammad Khan was installed on the throne
of the country. Nearly four decades later, after the first invasion, the
British invaded again and after heavy casualties on both sides, British
security prevailed in Afghanistan while the Afghans maintained full autonomy.
Lloyd and the British continued to handle their foreign affairs.
Forty years later,
in the Third Anglo-Afghan War, 120,000 Afghans invaded India. After a few brief
skirmishes, the UK reached an agreement that recognized Afghanistan as a fully
independent state internationally.
In 1926, the country was transformed into Afghanistan and
began the process of modernization and exposure to the outside world. Who tried
to modernize the country and got help from the Soviet Union and the United
States.
During the establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan
in the country in 1978, the Soviet-backed government, which assassinated Dawood
and several members of his family carried out sweeping reforms that sought to
end modern and outdated tradition and religious and social structures.
Large-scale insurgency and Soviet intervention forced the Soviet Union to leave
the country a few years after forcibly withdrawing its Islamic State in a
long-running war.
Occupied the government and the cities that were largely
overthrown by the Islamic Emirate in 1996, which established a dictatorial government,
five years later the US Allied Forces and the Northern Alliance established The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in 2004.
Afghanistan War In the timeline
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