Independence of Pakistan history
The independence of Pakistan's history is an achievement that will never be forgotten. A great leader likes Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah who ensured freedom for the Muslims of India and united them through faith and unity. The month of August reminds us of that and that is the great day of August 14, 1947.
By 1857, the printing, manufacture, and use of typewriters
gained popularity and attention in the non-governmental circles of India. The
first English newspapers were tainted. Then, over the next 60 years, the people
of the subcontinent entered the field of journalism.
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| Independence of Pakistan history |
there was a political system in India. The invention of the telegraph had reached India. The first railway line was laid. These were all factors that physically connected different parts of the Indian subcontinent. At the same time, many schools, colleges, and universities were established in presidential cities like Calcutta, Mumbai, and Madras, thus laying the foundation for modern education infrastructure.
After the failure of the War of Independence of 1857, British
rule over the subcontinent was established, which completed the process of
unity and harmony at the educational, administrative, and judicial levels,
which had been slowing down for many years and decades. It was going badly. All
of these factors eventually led to the brick-by-brick of the old and
traditional system. He built a new building system on the rubble.
After 1857, India
entered the modern era from the Middle Ages. Hindus were hesitant but
psychologically ready to meet the demands of the new age. In 1827, Raja Ram
Mohan Roy (1772-1833) founded the Brahmo Samaj which was an important milestone
in this direction. On the contrary, the Muslims of India, who were frustrated
and angry at the overthrow of their government and because of this distrusted
not only the British but also their modern education, woke up when the Dark
Ages after 1857 became serious and faced with, bitter realities.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was their most prominent and important leader in this very critical period in the history of Islamic India. He was well aware of the positive aspects and requirements of the new era that India wants to enter. He presented a multi-pronged program to lift Muslims out of a state of despair, indifference, and detachment. According to Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, he introduced the Muslim nation from the Middle Ages to the modern era. " "They put a retrogressive country on the way to improvement with the goal that it can fulfill the needs of a quickly evolving."
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| Independence of Pakistan history |
Since this period was the period of extreme backwardness of
the Muslims, they needed to be organized and strengthened by standing on the
educational and economic front after 1860. He was not trusted by the British
because he was considered a pioneer and the real reason for the War of
Independence of 1857.
These were the real
reasons why Muslims had to remain very quiet on the political front during this
period. After the Day of Judgment, which was dear to the Muslims and suffered
psychological defeat, these were the two main factors that led to the re-creation of this nation and its renewed self-confidence. At the insistence
of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, he disassociated himself from the Indian National
Congress, founded in 1775 by Sir Actwin Hami, a retired British government
employee.
However, events over
the next twenty years forced Muslims to conclude that it was no longer possible
for them to remain separate from political activity and that if they did not,
their legitimate rights would be violated. Will continue
The Indian Councilors Act of 1892 recognized the principle of
representation and establishment of institutions and direct elections.
Meanwhile, while the Congress was pushing for another constitutional
breakthrough, it also refused to recognize the Muslim point of view regarding
the representation of Muslims in the next coun Moreover, the Congress, now
headed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856-191920) under the influence of extremist
Hindu leaders, not only completely ignored Muslims in many cases but also to
usurp their rights. Also made After that, the most important and basic demand
of the Congress was that Hindi should be used in the courts instead of Urdu.
The statements and activities of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, as well
as the humiliation of great Muslim leaders, led to Hindu-Muslim riots in many
places. Congress's attitude towards Muslims has resulted in three different but
interconnected levels. There was a clear reaction.
The first is that Muslims have become so detached from the Congress that they have never shown such detachment before. The result was that when 156 out of 706 delegates attended the Congress meeting in 1890, only 17 Muslim delegates out of 756 delegates attended the 1905 session. However, the meeting was chaired by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was known for his independent views and support for Hindu-Muslim unity.
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| Independence of Pakistan history |
The second reaction
was that the Muslims formed a delegation led by the Aga Khan who met the
Viceroy on October 1, 1906, and demanded separate elections and reserved seats
for the Muslims. The purpose of this demand was to elect real and correct
representatives of Muslims in the councils.
The third answer was
to present this demand in a very effective and forceful manner, to make clear
and unambiguous the views of Muslims on the proposed reforms, and to mobilize
Muslims politically. The league was founded.
The 1945-46 elections were crucial in determining the status
of the Muslim League. Two issues were most important in this election campaign.
The first is whether the Muslim League is the only representative political
party of Muslims and the second is whether Muslims should demand Pakistan as a
nation. Since the nature of the previous constitutional arrangements depended
on the outcome of the elections, all political parties participated in the
elections with great enthusiasm, great courage, and utmost seriousness.
Fortunately, the elections have clearly shown that only Quaid-e-Azam and only Quaid-e-Azam can claim to represent Muslims in India as a whole. The PML-N won 30 seats in the Central Assembly, while its candidates won 90 percent of the Muslim seats, despite the conspiracies of the Congress Fiber and the anti-Congress Muslim National Parties and the anti-British Unionists in Punjab. The provinces also exposed the fact that Muslims in India as a whole has become like a leaden wall in favor of Pakistan, but despite this victory, the Muslim League-majority provinces have not borne the brunt of their success except in Bengal. Could lift, In contrast, Congress remained in power in the Hindu-majority provinces and the Muslim League began to play the role of opposition.
It was also a miracle of the foresight and foresight of
Quaid-e-Azam that in a very short time he was on the platform of the Muslim
League. Leaders like Nawab Bahadur Yar Jang, Muhammad Ayub Khoro, Mirza Abul
Hassan Isfahani, Raja Sahib Mahmoodabad, Qazi Muhammad Issa Ali, Sardar
Aurangzeb Khan, Mir Jafar Khan Jamali, Khawaja Nazimuddin, and others gathered
in their day and night struggle. Message public. Of the Muslim League all over
India.cil under the proposed reforms.
Quaid-i-Azam tried to take the institution-building work very
seriously and with good manners. He was of the view that after the
establishment of Pakistan, the Muslims should be prepared with this ability to
fulfill the duties and responsibilities imposed on them. So they set up
institutions. For example, he founded the Muslim press in the subcontinent.
Quaid-i-Azam also played an effective role in the
establishment of industrial and commercial enterprises. On his initiative,
Muslim Chambers of Commerce, Federation of Muslim Chambers of Commerce and
Industry, Muslim Commercial Bank, Orient Airways, Mohammadi Stampship Company,
etc. came into existence. Long-term tripartite dialogue with the British
Government and Congress should be concluded with great wisdom and foresight to
meet the best conditions of the country.
For the final constitutional settlement, the British government sent a Cabinet Mission to India headed by Lord Pathak Lawrence. The
mission was tasked with developing a constitutional framework for India after
discussions with various political parties, on the basis of which an interim
government should be formed. The cabinet mission held talks with various
leaders and political parties for about two months, but the talks ultimately
failed. However, the Cabinet Mission formulated its recommendations in the light
of negotiations known as the Cabinet Mission Plan. The plan proposed that the
central government be given sole responsibility for foreign affairs, defense,
and communications. By approving the cabinet mission plan, Quaid-i-Azam
intended to stop it before the situation worsened, leading to bloodshed and
civil war.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announced to give up the pretext of
approving the Cabinet Mission Plan. He clarified in a press conference on
August 10, 1946, that the Congress had not accepted any provision of the plan
other than the procedure for electing the Legislative Assembly. In the words of
EWR Lambi, Nehru took this hostile stance and gave this ultimatum because he
believed that in the end, it was inevitable to oust Britain from India, power became
the destiny of the Congress. And now the Muslim League may lose power
completely.
Ironically, since the British government was not ready to
oppose Congress on this occasion, the British also completely ignored the
deviation from the basic principle of the Cabinet Mission Plan by Congress.
Both sides went so far as to forget
Quaid-e-Azam and the Muslim League. Obviously, in these dire circumstances, the
Muslim League had no choice but to issue an ultimatum to both the Congress and
the British government. This ultimatum of the Muslim League involved three
basic decisions.
First, the Muslim League announced its
withdrawal from its first approval of the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Second, it announced direct action to achieve
Pakistan and in the future to get rid of the present slavery of the British and
the expected slavery of the Hindus.
Third, he appealed to all Muslims in India to
return all British honors and speeches in protest of the British government's
fraud and double standards.
Meanwhile, secret talks between the Congress
and the Viceroy resulted in the formation of an interim government headed by
Pandit Nehru, which came to power on September 6, 1946. Muslims were not
represented in this government.
By the end of 1946, the Hindu-Muslim riots had taken a
serious turn. Almost the entire subcontinent was engulfed in these riots. It is
as if these two nations are fighting the last war in their history. The new
Viceroy arrived in Delhi on March 24, 1947, and held talks with various
politicians for about two months.
From these talks, he came to the conclusion that the Cabinet
Mission Plan could no longer be revived and that India's geographical unity
could not be maintained. Under the Mountbatten Plan, Lord Mountbatten
transferred power to the Pakistani Legislative Assembly on 14 August 1947 and
conveyed the King's message to Britain. Waving on the assembly building. The
next day, August 15, Quaid-i-Azam was first sworn in as Governor-General,
followed by the first cabinet headed by Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan.
Thus, the long-cherished dream of establishing an independent Muslim state in the subcontinent can be found in the dream of Islamists in India for two centuries. After the defeat at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the dark night of slavery imposed on Muslims came to an end in 1947 as a result of continuous struggle and the end of freedom.
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| Independence of Pakistan history |
Quaid-i-Azam had
played the role of a mountaineer in carving out this dream and vision from the
heavy rocks of slavery of Islamists in India. Despite his deteriorating health,
he regained his composure. This wisdom, foresight, courage and determination,
lofty vision and zeal which had earlier attracted the Islamists of India to
their destination while protecting them from the conspiracies and plots of the
British and Hindus. Then there was the active process to mark their glorious
future.
It was the courage of
Quaid-e-Azam to transform Pakistan into a strong, stable, and developed state
at the ideological level in a short span of one year, despite the deplorable,
depressing, and dire circumstances. was presented to both the parties.
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